1944 – George Stinney, a 14-year-old African-American boy, is wrongfully executed for the murder of two white girls, becoming the youngest person ever executed in 20th-century America
0455 – Rome was sacked by the Vandal army.
1487 – The War of the Roses ended with the Battle of Stoke.
1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle in Scotland.
1586 – Mary Queen of Scots recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir.
1624 – Virginia becomes an English crown colony following the bankruptcy of the London Company
1671 – Cossack rebel leader Stenka Razin tortured, executed in Moscow
1745 – British troops take Cape Breton Island, which is now part of Nova Scotia, Canada
1755 – British capture strategic Fort Beauséjour, eastern Canada, expelling the Acadians and renaming it Fort Cumberland
1779 – US General Anthony Wayne captures Stony Point, New York, inflicting heavy losses on the British
1815 – Napoleon defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Ligny, Netherlands.
1822 – Denmark Vesey (aka Telemaque) Black American carpenter accused of planning a slave rebellion in South Carolina; tried and convicted, later executed by hanging
1846 – The Papal conclave of 1846 concludes. Pope Pius IX is elected pope, beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy (not counting St. Peter)
1858 – In a speech in Springfield, IL, U.S. Senate candidate Abraham Lincoln said the slavery issue had to be resolved. He declared, “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”
1871 – University Tests Act allows students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests, except for courses in theology.
1873 – US President Ulysses Grant decrees a portion of Wallowa Valley, Oregon for Nez-Percé Indians; order rescinded two years later and tribe forcibly re-located to Oklahoma
1884 – America’s 1st purpose-built roller coaster ride, the Switchback Railway, opens at Coney Island, New York, built by LaMarcus Thompson
1890 – The second Madison Square Gardens opened.
1893 – F.W. Rueckheim introduces Cracker Jack at the World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago’s First World Fair
1904 – Bloomsday: The novel “Ulysses” by James Joyce took place. The main character of the book was Leopold Bloom.
1907 – Tsar Nicolas II of Russia dissolves the Second Duma (parliament) and issues an edict that will increase representation of propertied classes while reducing that of peasants, workers and national minorities
1922 – Henry Berliner accomplished the first helicopter flight at College Park, MD.
1925 – France accepted a German proposal for a security pact.
1932 – The ban on Nazi storm troopers was lifted by the von Papen government in Germany.
1933 – National Industrial Recovery Act becomes law (later struck down)
1936 – Pope Pius XI receives Anton Mussert (Dutch Nazi collaborator)
1941 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the closure of all German consulates in the United States. The deadline was set as July 10.
1943 – Race riot in Beaumont Texas (2 die)
1944 – George Stinney, a 14-year-old African-American boy, is wrongfully executed for the murder of two white girls, becoming the youngest person ever executed in 20th-century America https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/mar/22/george-stinney-execution-verdict-innocent
1948 – The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by a subsidiary of the Cathay Pacific Airways, marks the first skyjacking of a commercial plane
1952 – “Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl” was published in the United States.
1955 – The U.S. House of Representatives voted to extend Selective Service until 1959.
1959 – South African Apartheid government efforts to remove Black people from Cato Manor close to the Durban city center to newly established black township Kwa Mashu, on outskirts met with violent resistance
1963 – 26-year-old Valentina Tereshkova went into orbit aboard the Vostok 6 spacecraft for three days. She was the first female space traveler.
1967 – The Monterey Pop Festival opens, The three-day concert event featured historic performances by Jimi Hendrix, The Who, Ravi Shankar, and Janis Joplin.
1969 – US Supreme Court rules suspension of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr from House of Representatives violated Article I of the Constitution by citing reasons beyond the exclusive list of qualifications in the article
1972 – Ulrike Meinhof was captured by West German police in Hanover. She was co-founder of the Baader-Meinhof terrorist group and the Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion).
1975 – The Simonstown agreement on naval cooperation between Britain and South Africa ended. The agreement was formally ended by mutual agreement after 169 years.
1976 – In Soweto, thousands of school children revolted against the South African government’s plan to enforce Afrikaans as the language for instruction in black schools.
1977 – Leonid Brezhnev was named the first Soviet president of the USSR. He was the first person to hold the post of president and Communist Party General Secretary. He replaced Nikolai Podgorny.
1978 – U.S. President Carter and Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos ratified the Panama Canal treaties.
1979 – Muslim Brotherhood kills 62 sheiks in Aleppo, Syria
1980 – US Supreme Court rules that live, human-made micro-organisms created in labs could be patentable, in Diamond v. Chakrabarty
1981 – The “Chicago Tribune” purchased the Chicago Cubs baseball team from the P.K. Wrigley Chewing Gum Company for $20.5 million.
1983 – Yuri Andropov was elected chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. The position was the equivalent of president.
1984 – Wilson Ferreira Aldunate was arrested upon his return from an eleven year exile. Aldunate had been a popular Uruguayan opposition leader.
1992 – Caspar Weinberger, former US Secretary of Defense (1981-87), indicted on Iran-contra charge
1992 – U.S. President George H.W. Bush welcomed Russian President Boris Yeltsin to a meeting in Washington, DC. The two agreed in principle to reduce strategic weapon arsenals by about two-thirds by the year 2003.
1999 – The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said that a 1992 federal music piracy law does not prohibit a palm-sized device that can download high-quality digital music files from the Internet and play them at home.
2000 – U.S. federal regulators approved the merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE Corp. The merger created the nation’s largest local phone company.
2000 – U.S. Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson reported that an employee at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico had discovered that two computer hard drives were missing.
2000 – Israel complies with UN Security Council Resolution 425 after 22 years of it issuance, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from Lebanon. Israel withdrew from all of Lebanon, except the disputed Sheba Farms.
2008 – California began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
2010 – The world’s first country-wide total tobacco ban goes into effect, Bhutan banned the cultivation, harvesting, production, and sale of tobacco and tobacco products. It is still legal in the South Asian country to smoke in a private setting, but obtaining tobacco products legally is close to impossible.
2012 – 32 people are killed by a car bomb in Baghdad
2012 – Coca-Cola begins business in Myanmar after 60 years
2015 – TV personality and real estate mogul Donald Trump launches his campaign for the Republican nomination for US President at Trump Towers
2016 – Philadelphia is the first US city to pass a tax on sweetened drinks
2019 – India imposes retaliatory tariffs on 28 US goods
2019 – Sara Netanyahu, wife of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu admits to misuse of state funds in court
2020 – At least 20 Indian soldiers killed in 1st deadly clash on the Chinese Indian border in 45 years in the Galwan Valley, Himalayas
2022 – Ninety-year-old US cosmetics company Revlon files for bankruptcy, blaming supply issues and rising costs
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
