1973 – The Saturday Night Massacre: President Nixon fires Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus after they refuse to fire Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox, who is finally fired by Robert Bork.
1097 – 1st Crusaders arrive in Antioch during the First Crusade
1382 – St. Mary’s College is founded at Westminster, England.
1528 – Treaty of Gorinchem signed between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Duke Charles of Guelders
1536 – King Christian III of Denmark & Norway leads reform in Catholic possessions
1600 – Battle of Sekigahara sets Tokugawa clan as Japan’s rulers (shoguns)
1603 – Chinese uprising in the Philippines fails after 23,000 killed
1634 – King of England Charles I levies the “Ship Money” tax on all English and Welsh counties
1740 – Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony refuse to honour the Pragmatic Sanction and the War of the Austrian Succession begins
1774 – The new Continental Congress, the governing body of America’s colonies, passed an order proclaiming that all citizens of the colonies “discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays and other expensive diversions and entertainment.”
1781 – Patent of Toleration, providing limited freedom of worship, was approved in Habsburg Monarchy.
1803 – The U.S. Senate approved the Louisiana Purchase.
1813 – German Kingdom of Westphalia abolished
1818 – The U.S. and Great Britain established the boundary between the U.S. and Canada to be the 49th parallel.
1827 – The Battle of Navarino took place during the Greek War for Independence.
1873 – A Hippodrome was opened in New York City by showman Phineus T. (P.T.) Barnum.
1883 – Peru and Chile signed the Treaty of Ancn, by which the Tarapac province was ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru’s involvement in the War of the Pacific
1892 – The city of Chicago dedicated the World’s Columbian Exposition.
1903 – A joint commission ruled in favor of the U.S. concerning a dispute over the boundary between Canada and the District of Alaska.
1905 – Russian Tsar Nicholas II allows the Poles to speak Polish to help quell the revolution in the Kingdom of Poland
1910 – A baseball with a cork center was used in a World Series game for the first time.
1911 – Norwegian Roald Amundsen sets out a race to the South Pole
1917 – US suffragette Alice Paul begins a 7 month jail sentence for peacefully picketing in support of the women’s Suffrage (right to vote) Amendment at the White House in Washington, D.C.
1930 – British White Paper restricts Jews from buying Arab land
1935 – Mao Zedong arrived in Hanoi after his Long March that took just over a year. He then set up the Chinese Communist Headquarters.
1942 – Pierre Laval told the French labor that they must serve in Germany.
1944 – During World War II, the Yugoslav cities of Belgrade and Dubrovnik were liberated.
1947 – Hollywood came under scrutiny as the House Un-American Activities Committee opened hearings into alleged Communist influence within the motion picture industry.
1951 – The “”Johnny Bright Incident”” occurred in Stillwater, Oklahoma
1952 – Governor Evelyn Baring declared a state of emergency in Kenya and began arresting hundreds of suspected leaders of the Mau Mau Uprising, including Jomo Kenyatta, the future first President of Kenya
1957 – Walter Cronkite began hosting “The 20th Century.” The show aired until January 4, 1970.
1960 – First fully mechanized post office opened, Providence, RI
1962 – War Breaks Out Between India and China: The month-long border dispute began after the Chinese launched a two-pronged attack on the border between the two countries.
1968 – Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis.
1971 – US Senator Edward Kennedy calls for a withdrawal of British troops from Northern Ireland and all-party negotiations to establish a United Ireland
1973 – The Saturday Night Massacre: President Nixon fires Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus after they refuse to fire Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox, who is finally fired by Robert Bork.
1975 – Supreme Court rules teachers could spank their pupils after warning
1977 – A plane carrying Lynyrd Skynyrd crashes in Mississippi, killing lead singer Ronnie Van Zant and guitarist Steve Gaines along with backup singer Cassie Gaines, the road manager, pilot, and co-pilot
1979 – The John F. Kennedy Library in Boston was dedicated.
1981 – 3 members of Weather underground arrested for armored truck robbery
1982 – During the UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem at least 63 and probably many more people are crushed to death in the Luzhniki disaster.
1984 – The U.S. State Department reduced the number of Americans assigned to the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon.
1987 – 10 die as US Air Force jet crashed into a Ramada Inn near Indianapolis
1993 – Attorney General Janet Reno warned the TV industry to limit the violence in their programs.
1994 – The website WhiteHouse.gov was launched.
1995 – Britain, France and the U.S. announced a treaty that banned atomic blasts in the South Pacific.
2002 – Motoring TV series “Top Gear” premieres on the BBC, starring Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, and Jason Dawe (replaced after the first season by James May)
2003 – A 40-year-old man went over Niagara Falls without safety devices and survived. He was charged with illegally performing a stunt.
2009 – European astronomers discover 32 exoplanets.
2011 – Muammar Gaddafi is Captured: The deposed leader of Libya, Muammar Gaddafi, is captured by the National Transitional Council Forces. He was killed by the troops soon after.
2013 – 30 people are killed by a suicide truck bomber in Hama, Syria
2014 – Laquan McDonald (17) is shot dead by Chicago police officer Jason Van Dyke while jaywalking, the murder caught on video footage
2017 – Pollution linked to 1 in 6 deaths worldwide or 9 million in 2015 in report published in “The Lancet”
2018 – President Trump threatens to pull the US out of an arms control agreement with Russia because Russia has violated its terms
2020 – Argentina becomes the fifth country in the world to record over 1 million confirmed COVID-19 cases with the death toll at 26,716
2021 – Barbados elects Sandra Mason as its first-ever president, as part of a process to replace Queen Elizabeth and become a republic
2022 – UK Prime Minister Liz Truss announces her intention to resign, after 44 days in office, making her term shortest in country’s history
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
