1945 – Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci were executed by Italian partisans as they attempted to flee the country. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/benito-mussolini-executed
0357 – Constantius II visited Rome for the first time.
1180 – Philip II of France (14) marries first wife Isabella of Hainault (10) at Bapaume
1192 – Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin
1282 – Villagers in Palermo led a revolt against French rule in Sicily.
1376 – English parliament demands supervision of royal spending
1611 – Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines, the oldest existing university in Asia and the largest Catholic university in the world
1635 – Virginia Governor John Harvey was accused of treason and removed from office.
1788 – Maryland became the seventh state to ratify the U.S. constitution.
1789 – A mutiny on the British ship Bounty took place when a rebel crew took the ship and set sail to Pitcairn Island. The mutineers left Captain W. Bligh and 18 sailors adrift.
1792 – France invades Austrian Netherlands (present day Belgium), beginning the French Revolutionary War.
1796 – The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III, the King of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast
1818 – U.S. President James Monroe proclaimed naval disarmament on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain (demilitarizing the US-Canada border).
1848 – Slavery abolished in French colonies
1881 – Billy the Kid escapes from the Lincoln County jail in Lincoln, New Mexico
1896 – The Addressograph was patented by J.S. Duncan.
1902 – A revolution broke out in the Dominican Republic.
1914 – W.H. Carrier patented the design of his air conditioner.
1916 – The British declared martial law throughout Ireland.
1920 – Azerbaijan joined the USSR.
1924 – 119 die in coal mine disaster at Benwood, West Virginia
1932 – The yellow fever vaccine for humans was announced.
1934 – US President FDR signs Home Owners Loan Act
1937 – The first animated-cartoon electric sign was displayed on a building on Broadway in New York City. It was created by Douglas Leight.
1942 – Nightly “dim-out” begins along the East Coast
1944 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin meets Polish-American priest Stanislaus Orlemanski in Moscow to discuss religion and the future of post-war Poland
1945 – Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci were executed by Italian partisans as they attempted to flee the country.
1946 – The Allies indicted Tojo with 55 counts of war crimes.
1947 – Norwegian anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl and five others set out in a balsa wood craft known as Kon Tiki to prove that Peruvian Indians could have settled in Polynesia. The trip began in Peru and took 101 days to complete the crossing of the Pacific Ocean.
1949 – Former Philippine First Lady Aurora Quezon, 61, assassinated while en route to dedicate a hospital in memory of her late husband; her daughter and 10 others also killed
1952 – The U.S. occupation of Japan officially ended when a treaty with the U.S. and 47 other countries went into effect.
1953 – French troops evacuated northern Laos.
1957 – Mike Wallace was seen on TV for the first time. He was the host of “Mike Wallace Interviews.”
1962 – In the Sahara Desert of Algeria, a team led by Red Adair used explosives to put out the well fire known as the Devil’s Cigarette Lighter. The fire was caused by a pipe rupture on November 6, 1961.
1965 – The U.S. Army and Marines invaded the Dominican Republic to evacuate Americans.
1967 – Muhammad Ali refused induction into the U.S. Army and was stripped of boxing title. He cited religious grounds for his refusal.
1970 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to fight communist sanctuaries in Cambodia.
1971 – Samuel Lee Gravely Jr. becomes 1st black admiral in US Navy
1977 – The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder
1980 – US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance resigns in protest over the Iran hostage rescue attempt
1986 – Soviet TV news program Vremya announces a nuclear accident at Chernobyl nuclear power station, 2 days after the event
1987 – U.S. engineer Ben Linder is killed in an ambush by U.S.-funded Contras in northern Nicaragua.
1988 – In Maui, HI, one flight attendant was killed when the fuselage of a Boeing 737 ripped open in mid-flight.
1989 – Mobil announced that they were divesting from South Africa because congressional restrictions were too costly.
1992 – The U.S. Agriculture Department unveiled a pyramid-shaped recommended-diet chart.
1994 – Former CIA official Aldrich Ames, who had given U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and then Russia, pled guilty to espionage and tax evasion. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole.
1996 – U.S. President Clinton gave a 4 1/2 hour videotaped testimony as a defense witness in the criminal trial of his former Whitewater business partners.
1997 – A worldwide treaty to ban chemical weapons took effect. Russia and other countries such as Iraq and North Korea did not sign.
1999 – The U.S. House of Representatives rejected (on a tie vote of 213-213) a measure expressing support for NATO’s five-week-old air campaign in Yugoslavia. The House also voted to limit the president’s authority to use ground forces in Yugoslavia.
2001 – A Russian rocket launched from Central Asia with the first space tourist aboard. The crew consisted of California businessman Dennis Tito and two cosmonauts. The destination was the international space station.
2004 – The first Abu Ghraib torture pictures are published – The images aired in a 60 Minutes II report showed gross human rights violations, including torture and murder, committed by U.S. soldiers and CIA personnel in the Baghdad prison.
2008 – India set a world record when it sent 10 satellites into orbit from a single launch.
2012 – Tent collapse in St Louis, Missouri, kills one and injures 110 people
2013 – 8 people are killed and dozens are injured after Taliban attacks on election candidates in Pakistan
2018 – Indian government announces electricity has now reached every Indian village
2019 – American diver Victor Vescovo makes the deepest dive ever to the bottom of the Mariana trench at 10,927m (35,849ft), and finds a plastic bag
2020 – Argentina bans all commercial domestic and international flights until September 1 because of COVID-19
2021 – NASA’s Parker Solar Probe becomes the first spacecraft to cross the Alfvén critical boundary, the outer atmosphere of the Sun
2023 – Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva decrees six new indigenous reserves covering 620,000 hectares (1.5m acres), with bans on mining and restrictions on commercial farming
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
