1801 – A 1,235 pound cheese ball was pressed at the farm of Elisha Brown, Jr. The ball of cheese was later loaded on a horse-driven wagon and presented to U.S. President Thomas Jefferson at the White House.
0514 – Pope Hormisdas assumes.Roman Catholic Church
1031 – Henry I succeeds father Robert II as King of the Franks (1031-60)
1054 – Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Caerularius, as head of a Synod held in Constantinople excommunicates Cardinal Humbert of the Western church (Rome)
1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle – King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold of the war
1402 – Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara – Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeated forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.
1553 – John Dudley, Lord President of the Council under Edward VI, captured in Cambridge
1654 – Anglo-Portuguese treaty is reinforced, England guarantees Portugal’s independence and receives trade concessions
1656 – Swedish forces under the command of King Charles X Gustav defeats the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
1712 – The Riot Act takes effect in Great Britain.
1773 – Scottish settlers arrive at Pictou, Nova Scotia (Canada)
1801 – A 1,235 pound cheese ball was pressed at the farm of Elisha Brown, Jr. The ball of cheese was later loaded on a horse-driven wagon and presented to U.S. President Thomas Jefferson at the White House.
1810 – Colombia declared independence from Spain.
1861 – The Congress of the Confederate States began holding sessions in Richmond, VA.
1868 – Legislation that ordered U.S. tax stamps to be placed on all cigarette packs was passed.
1871 – British Columbia joined Confederation as a Canadian province.
1877 – Rioting in Baltimore, Maryland by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers is put down by the state militia, resulting in nine deaths
1881 – Sioux Indian leader Sitting Bull, a fugitive since the Battle of the Little Big Horn, surrendered to federal troops.
1894 – 2000 fed troops recalled from Chicago, having ended Pullman strike”
1917 – The draft lottery in World War I went into operation.
1917 – World War I: The Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
1921 – Congresswoman Alice Mary Robertson became the first woman to preside over the US House of Representatives.
1924 – Teheran, Persia comes under martial law after the American vice consul, Robert Imbrie, is killed by a religious mob enraged by rumors he had poisoned a fountain and killed several people
1928 – The government of Hungary issues a decree ordering Gypsies to end their nomadic ways, settle permanently in one place, and subject themselves to the same laws and taxes as other Hungarians
1932 – Crowds in the capitals of Bolivia and Paraguay demand their governments declare war on the other after fighting on their border.
1933 – Germany: Two-hundred Jewish merchants are arrested in Nuremberg and paraded through the streets.
1934 – Labor unrest in the US, as police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, wounding fifty; Seattle police led by the mayor police fire tear gas on and club 2,000 striking longshoremen, and the governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the Portland docks.
1937 – Two black men accused of stabbing a policeman are taken by a mob from the county jail in Tallahassee, Florida and lynched
1938 – The Justice Department files suit in New York City against the motion picture industry charging violations of anti-trust law. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948
1942 – The first detachment of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps, (WACS) began basic training at Fort Des Moines, Iowa.
1944 – An attempt by a group of German officials to assassinate Adolf Hitler failed. The bomb exploded at Hitler’s Rastenburg headquarters. Hitler was only wounded.
1944 – U.S. President Roosevelt was nominated for an unprecedented fourth term of office at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
1946 – World War II: The US Congress’s Pearl Harbor Committee says Franklin D. Roosevelt was completely blameless for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and calls for a unified command structure in the armed forces.
1947 – The National Football League (NFL) ruled that no professional team could sign a player who had college eligibility remaining.
1950 – Cold War: In Philadelphia, Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs
1951 – King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem.
1960 – Belgium defends its intervention in the Congo to the United Nations Security Council while the government of the Congo appeals to the Soviet Union to send troops to push back the Belgians. The governments of the US and France and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization warn the Soviets to stay out of the dispute
1960 – The head of the Physics Department at the Israel Institute of Technology, Kurt Sitte, is arrested for espionage
1965 – In Hayneville, Alabama, two civil rights protesters, one a priest and the other a seminarian, are shot by a deputy sheriff. The seminarian dies of his wounds
1969 – Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. became the first men to walk on the moon.
1969 – Football War ends, A ceasefire came into effect between Honduras and El Salvador after the two countries fought a brief war over immigration El Salvador to Honduras. The hostilities occurred during North American trials of the FIFA World Cup.
1973 – Seventy-three government officials and military officers are charged with conspiracy to overthrow the Greek government.
1974 – Turkish forces invaded Cyprus.
1976 – America’s Viking I robot spacecraft made a successful landing on Mars.
1977 – The Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in mind control experiments.
1982 – Hyde Park and Regents Park bombings: The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in Hyde Park and Regents Park in central London, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses
1982 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan pulled the U.S. out of comprehensive test ban negotiations indefinitely.
1984 – Officials of the Miss America pageant ask Vanessa Lynn Williams to quit after Penthouse published nude photos of her.
1985 – Treasure hunters began raising $400 million in coins and silver from the Spanish galleon “Nuestra Senora de Atocha.” The ship sank in 1622 40 miles of the coast of Key West, FL.
1989 – Burma’s ruling junta puts opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.
1990 – Justice William Brennan resigns from the Supreme Court after 36 years
1992 – Vaclav Havel, the playwright who led the Velvet Revolution against communism, stepped down as president of Czechoslovakia.
1998 – Two hundred aid workers from CARE International, Doctors Without Borders and other aid groups leave Afghanistan on orders of the Taliban
1999 – The practise Falun Gong is officially banned and defined as an “”evil cult”” (xiejiao) by the government of the People’s Republic of China, and a large-scale crackdown of its practitioners is launched.
2000 – The leaders of Salt Lake City’s bid to win the 2002 Winter Olympics are indicted by a federal grand jury for bribery, fraud, and racketeering.
2000 – Terrorist Carlos the Jackal sues France in the European Court of Human Rights for allegedly torturing him
2003 – In India, elephants used for commercial work began wearing reflectors to avoid being hit by cars during night work.
2003 – France: Sixteen people are injured after two bombs explode outside a tax office in Nice.
2012 – Aurora shooting, James Holmes, opened fire in a movie theater during the premier of the Dark Night Rises in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.
2014 – The Israeli Defence Force enter Shuja’iyya, a populous neighbourhood of Gaza City, as part of their ground offensive focused on destroying tunnels crossing the Israel border
2015 – Hacker group the Impact Team announce they have hacked married dating site Ashley Madison
2017 – The last fighting occurs in the Iraqi city of Mosul as the city is liberated from ISIS militants
2020 – Scientists find evidence of volcanoes on Venus, showing the planet is not as dormant as previously thought (Nature Geoscience)
2021 – Oregon’s Bootleg fire has burnt nearly 400,000 acres, now so big it’s generating its own weather patterns according to local fire chiefs
2021 – US, NATO members and other states accuse China’s Ministry of State Security for using “contract criminal hackers” to infiltrate Microsoft email systems
2022 – Italian government of Prime Minister Mario Draghi falls after his coalition partners pass a no confidence vote against him
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
