1972 – U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House chief of staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s investigation into the Watergate break-ins.
1053 – Norseman Robert Guiscard gains victory at Civitate over papal forces raised by Leo IX, who is captured Robert, takes Benevento from the Byzantines and founds the Norman Empire that will rule southern Italy until 1194
1314 – Start of the Battle of Bannockburn south of Stirling, Edward II of England & Robert I of Scotland met in battle. Scotland won and Edward fled the field and Scotland
1295 – Pope Boniface VIII enters Rome
1532 – King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France sign secret treaty against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
1547 – Champion of the Protestant Reformation, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse is captured and taken to south Germany
1611 – The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson’s fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.
1661 – Marriage contract between Charles II of England & Catharina of Portugal.
1683 – William Penn signed a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
1700 – Russia gave up its Black Sea fleet as part of a truce with the Ottoman Empire.
1713 – French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada
1757 – Battle of Plassey – 3000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj Ud Daulah at Plassey.
1758 – British and Hanoverian armies defeated the French at Krefeld in Germany.
1760 – The Austrians defeated the Prussians at Landshut, Germany.
1789 – French King Louis XVI rejects the demands of the Third Estate, calling itself the National Assembly, during the opening stages of the French Revolution
1794 – Empress of Russia Catherine II grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.
1810 – John Jacob Astor organizes Pacific Fur Co (Astoria, Oregon)
1812 – War of 1812: Great Britain had revoked the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.
1836 – The U.S. Congress approved the Deposit Act, which contained a provision for turning over surplus federal revenue to the states.
1848 – A bloody insurrection of workers in Paris erupted.
1858 – Six-year-old Edgardo Mortara is seized by Papal authorities.
1865 – Confederate General Stand Watie, who was also a Cherokee chief, surrendered the last sizable Confederate army at Fort Towson, in the Oklahoma Territory.
1868 – Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention that he called a “Type-Writer.”
1884 – A Chinese Army defeated the French at Bacle, Indochina.
1888 – Frederick Douglass is the first African-American nominated for US president.
1902 – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy renewed the Triple Alliance for a 12 year duration.
1908 – The USA suspends diplomatic relationships with Venezuela after the refusal of Cipriano Castro’s government to compensate Americans for injuries suffered in the uprising of 1899
1919 – Defeat of German forces at Cesis in northern Latvia during Estonian Liberation War, now celebrated annually as Estonian Victory Day.
1934 – Italy gained the right to colonize Albania after defeating the country.
1938 – The Civil Aeronautics Authority was established.
1938 – Marineland opened near St. Augustine, Florida.
1940 – World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.
1941 – Lithuanian Activist Front initiates Lithuanian 1941 independence from the Soviet Union; it lasted only briefly as the Nazis occupied Lithuania a few weeks later.
1947 – The U.S. Senate joined the House in overriding President Truman’s veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
1951 – British diplomats Guy Burgess & Donald Maclean flee to USSR
1951 – Soviet U.N. delegate Jacob Malik proposed cease-fire discussions in the Korean War.
1952 – The U.S. Air Force bombed power plants on Yalu River, Korea.
1956 – Gamal Abdel Nasser was elected president of Egypt.
1959 – Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany (where he resumed a scientific career).
1961 – The Antarctic Treaty comes into force, The treaty was the first arms control agreement signed during the Cold War. It sets Antarctica aside as a scientific preserve and prohibits military activities on the contine
1966 – Civil Rights marchers in Mississippi were dispersed by tear gas.
1967 – US Senate censures Thomas J Dodd (D-Ct) for misusing campaign funds
1968 – 74 are killed and 150 injured in a football stampede towards a closed exit in a Buenos Aires stadium.
1972 – U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House chief of staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s investigation into the Watergate break-ins. https://www.history.com/topics/1970s/watergate
1973 – A fire at a house in Hull, England, which kills a six year old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 deaths by fire caused over the next seven years by arsonist Peter Dinsdale
1982 – US pass the Intelligence Identities Protection Act (Public Law 97-200)
1985 – A terrorist bomb aboard Air India flight 182 brings the Boeing 747 down off the coast of Ireland; killing all 329 people aboard.
1990 – Moldavia declares independence.
1991 – A peace summit, brokered by the clergy and business and attended by all major political parties, but boycotted by the Conservative Party, is held to end the violence in South Africa
1993 – Nigeria’s military dictator, General Ibrahim Babangida, annuls results of presidential elections and halts a return to democracy
1994 – Moshood Abiola is accused of treason and arrested after declaring himself president of Nigeria
2000 – The bulk ore carrier MV Treasure sinks off the western coast of South Africa, soiling more than 19 000 penguins; this resulted in the world’s largest ever rescue of birds from an oiling event
2004 – The U.S. proposed that North Korea agree to a series of nuclear disarmament measures over a three-month period in exchange for economic benefits.
2012 – 76 monks are hospitalized in Thailand following an attack by a swarm of bees
2013 – 9 tourists and 1 tour guide are killed after gunmen storm a hotel near Nanga Parbat, Pakistan
2015 – NASA’s Mars Odyssey completed its 60,000th orbit around Mars. The spacecraft entered orbit on October 23, 2001.
2016 – The UK votes to leave the European Union, Just over half of the electorate voted for “Brexit”, Britain’s exit from the EU. The UK had been part of the union since 1973.
2016 – Ceasefire agreement signed between Colombian government and Farc rebels – ending more than 50 years of conflict
2018 – 12 boys and their coach are stranded in Tham Luang Nang Non cave
2018 – Laura Ingalls Wilder’s name removed from book award by US Association for Library Service to Children, due to author’s racist views and language
2021 – US Supreme Court rules in favor of teen kicked off cheerleading team after profane social media post, saying school violated her free speech
2022 – US Supreme Court declares for the first time that there is a constitutional right to carry a handgun in public for self defense, striking down a century-old gun law in New York that limited licenses, in a 6-3 vote
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
