1977 – The Clash release their debut album of the same name, The British combo around lead vocalist Joe Strummer is considered one of the most influential early punk rock bands.
0217 – Roman Emperor Caracalla is assassinated (and succeeded) by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus
1093 – The new Winchester Cathedral is dedicated by bishop Walkelin in Winchester, England
1139 – Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated
1232 – Mongol army under General Subedei begins the siege of Chinese Jin capital of Kaifeng – 1st occasion gunpowder used in a major engagement
1271 – Krak des Chevaliers, the greatest fortress built by medieval crusaders in the Levant, is finally taken by the forces of Mamlūk sultan Baybars I
1500 – Battle of Novara: King Louis XII of France defeats Duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan
1513 – Explorer Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain.
1525 – Albert von Brandenburg, the leader of the Teutonic Order, assumes the title “Duke of Prussia” and passed the first laws of the Protestant church, making Prussia a Protestant state.
1730 – Congregation Shearith Israel opens the 1st North American synagogue in New York City on Mill Street in Lower Manhattan
1783 – Catherine II of Russia annexes the Crimea
1789 – The U.S. House of Representatives held its first meeting.
1801 – Soldiers riot in Bucharest, kill 128 Jews
1820 – The famous ancient Greek statue, Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos
1832 – About 300 American troops of the 6th Infantry left Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, to confront the Sauk Indians in the Black Hawk War.
1834 – In New York City, Cornelius Lawrence became the first mayor to be elected by popular vote in a city election.
1864 – The U.S. Senate passed the 13th Amendment (S.J. Res. 16) by a vote of 38 to 6. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/thirteenth-amendment
1865 – General Robert E. Lee‘s retreat is cut off near Appomattox Court House.
1902 – Demonstration organised by socialists in Belgium as people demand better education, living conditions, the right to strike and universal male suffrage result in a riot and some deaths
1904 – Great Britain and France establish their Entente Cordiale, a technical treaty settling long-standing disagreements over Morocco, Egypt, Africa, and the Pacific
1913 – The Seventeenth amendment was ratified, requiring direct election of senators. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seventeenth-Amendment
1924 – South African State pass the Industrial Conciliation Act No 11: provides for job reservation, excluded blacks from membership of registered trade unions, prohibited registration of black trade unions
1935 – The Works Progress Administration was approved by the U.S. Congress.
1939 – Italy invaded Albania.
1942 – The Soviets opened a rail link to the besieged city of Leningrad.
1943 – U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases to common carriers and public utilities.
1946 – The League of Nations assembled in Geneva for the last time.
1952 – U.S. President Truman seized steel mills to prevent a nationwide strike.
1953 – The bones of Sitting Bull were moved from North Dakota to South Dakota.
1953 – Jomo Kenyatta is sentenced to 7 years hard labor, Kenyatta led the Mau Mau movement against the British colonialists. He is considered to be Kenya’s founding father and became the country’s first President in 1964.
1956 – 6 US Marine Corps recruits drown during a night “marsh march” in Ribbon Creek at Parris Island, South Carolina; drill instructor Staff Sergeant Matthew McKeon is court-martialed
1959 – One of the first modern programming languages is created, The Common Business-Oriented Language or COBOL was primarily designed by a woman, Grace Hopper. Also known as Amazing Grace, she is regarded as one of the pioneers in the field.
1962 – Bay of Pigs invaders got thirty years imprisonment in Cuba.
1966 – American Football League votes in 36 year old Al Davis as commissioner after Joe Foss resigns; appointment lasts 3 months when AFL merges with NFL
1966 – Time publishes its “Is God Dead” issue – its first issue without an image
1970 – Senate rejects Nixon’s nomination of Judge G. Harrold Carswell to US Supreme Court
1975 – Frank Robinson of the Cleveland Indians became first black manager of a major league baseball team.
1977 – The Clash release their debut album of the same name, The British combo around lead vocalist Joe Strummer is considered one of the most influential early punk rock bands.
1984 – U.S. Census Bureau estimates rank Los Angeles as second most populated city, displacing Chicago which held the position since 1890; New York City remains the top
1985 – India filed suit against Union Carbide for the Bhopal disaster.
1986 – Clint Eastwood was elected mayor of Carmel, CA.
1987 – Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis resigned over remarks he had made. While on ABC’s “Nightline” Campanis said that black people “may not have some of the necessities” to hold managerial jobs in major-league baseball.
1988 – Former U.S. President Reagan aid Lyn Nofzinger was sentenced to prison for illegal lobbying for Wedtech Corp.
1990 – In Nepal, King Birendra lifted the 30-year ban on political parties.
1994 – Smoking was banned in the Pentagon and all U.S. military bases.
1998 – The widow of Martin Luther King Jr. presented new evidence in an appeal for new federal investigation of the assassination of her husband.
2000 – 19 U.S. troops were killed when a Marine V22 Osprey crashed during a training mission in Arizona.
2001 – Microsoft Corp. released Internet Explorer 6.0.
2002 – Ed McMahon filed a $20 million lawsuit against his insurance company, two insurance adjusters, and several environmental cleanup contractors. The suit alleged breach of contract, negligence and intentional infliction of emotional distress concerning a toxic mold that had spread through McMahon’s Beverly Hills home.
2005 – Over 4 million people pay their last respects to Pope John Paul II, Karol Józef Wojtyła from Poland was an immensely popular Pope. He was succeeded by German Pope Benedict XVI, born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger.
2006 – Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Ontario, Canada. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos motorcycle gang.
2013 – 163 people are killed and 50,000 are displaced after tribal violence erupts in Darfur, Sudan
2017 – Fifth day of protests by thousands in Caracas, Venezuela against the government
2019 – 14 tons of black market Pangolin scales from 36,000 animals discovered in Singapore, one of largest ever found worldwide
2019 – Actress Allison Mack pleads guilty to sex-trafficking charges for her involvement in sex cult NXIVM
2020 – Saudi-backed coalition fighting Houthi fighters in Yemen calls for a ceasefire after five years to stop the spread of COVID-19
2021 – Egyptian archaeologists announce their most important find since Tutankhamun’s tomb – discovery of a lost ‘golden city’ the 3,000-years-old ancient city of Aten near Luxor
2021 – US President Joe Biden says “Gun violence in this country is an epidemic” as he unveils package of executive actions including restrictions on “ghost guns”
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
