1862 – The Battle of Antietam took place during the American Civil War. More than 23,000 men were killed, wounded, or missing. The Rebel advance was ended with heavy losses to both armies.
0642 – Arab forces under Amr ibn al-‘As conquer Alexandria
1048 – Battle of Kapetron: night battle between invading Seljuk Turks and Byzantine-Georgian forces of Constantine IX, Byzantines drive back Turks but unable to stop huge plunder
1394 – In France, Charles VI published an ordinance that expelled all Jews from France.
1577 – Peace of Bergerac signed between Henry III of France and the Huguenots.
1631 – Sweden wins a major victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld against the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years War.
1683 – Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is the first to report the existence of bacteria
1778 – The United States signed its first treaty with a Native American tribe, the Delaware Nation.
1787 – The Constitution of the United States of America was signed by delegates at the Constitutional Convention.
1796 – U.S. President George Washington’s Farewell Address was read before the U.S. Congress.
1809 – Peace between Sweden and Russia in the Finnish War. The territory to become Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
1849 – Harriet Tubman 1st escapes slavery in Maryland with two of her brothers
1859 – Joshua A. Norton declares himself Emperor Norton I of the United States.
1862 – The Battle of Antietam took place during the American Civil War. More than 23,000 men were killed, wounded, or missing. The Rebel advance was ended with heavy losses to both armies.
1894 – Battle of Yalu River, the largest naval engagement of the First Sino-Japanese War.
1908 – The Wright Flyer flown by Orville Wright, with Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge as passenger, crashes; killing Selfridge. He becomes the first airplane fatality
1916 – World War I: Manfred von Richthofen (“”The Red Baron””), a flying ace of the German Luftstreitkrfte, won his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France.
1920 – The American Professional Football Association was formed in Canton, OH. It was the precursor to the National Football League (NFL).
1924 – The Border Defence Corps was established in the Second Polish Republic for the defence of the eastern border against armed Soviet raids and local bandits.
1930 – Construction on Boulder Dam, later renamed Hoover Dam, began in Black Canyon, near Las Vegas, NV.
1937 – At Mount Rushmore, Abraham Lincoln’s face was dedicated.
1939 – The Soviet Union invaded Poland. Germany had invaded Poland on September 1.
1943 – Russian city of Bryansk liberated from Nazis.
1944 – Operation “Market Garden” was launched by Allied paratroopers during World War II. The landing point was behind German lines in the Netherlands.
1947 – The first U.S. Secretary of Defense, James V. Forrestal, was sworn in to office.
1948 – Lehi (also known as the Stern gang) assassinates Count Folke Bernadotte, who was appointed by the UN to mediate between the Arabs and Jews.
1951 – Romanian bishop A. Pacha of Timisoara sentenced to 18 years
1953 – The Ochsner Foundation Hospital in New Orleans, LA, successfully separated Siamese twins. Carolyn Anne and Catherine Anne Mouton were connected at the waist when born.
1960 – Cuba nationalizes US banks
1962 – U.S. space officials announced the selection of Neil A. Armstrong and eight others as new astronauts.
1970 – Fighting breaks out along the Syria-Jordanian border between Jordanian troops and the fedayeen.
1974 – USS Enterprise sailed from San Francisco with VF-1 and VF-2 aboard. This event marked the initial deployment of the Grumman F-14 Tomcat, the Navy’s newest fighter
1976 – NASA unveiled the space shuttle Enterprise in Palmdale, CA.
1978 – Camp David Accords are signed. The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin. The accords were the precursor to the 1974 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty
1980 – Solidarity labor union in Poland forms
1984 – 9,706 immigrants became naturalized citizens when they were sworn in by U.S. Vice-President George Bush in Miami, FL. It was the largest group to become U.S. citizens.
1988 – Lt. Gen. Prosper Avril declared himself president of Haiti after President Henri Hamphy was ousted.
1990 – Soviet Union and Saudi Arabia restore diplomatic ties
1991 – The United Nations General Assembly opened its 46th session. The new members were Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, North and South Korea, Micronesia and the Marshall Islands.
1992 – Lawrence Walsh called a halt to his probe of the Iran-Contra scandal. The investigation had lasted 5 1/2 years.
1995 – Hong Kong held its last legislative election before being taken over by China in 1997.
1997 – Northern Ireland’s main Protestant party joined in peace talks. It was the first time that all of the major players had come together.
1998 – The United States government offered a reward for the capture of Haroun Fazil for his role in the U.S. bombing in Kenya on August 7, 1998.
2001 – Major trading markets in the United States, including the New York Stock Exchange and the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), reopen for the first time since September 11
2011 – Occupy Wall Street movement against economic inequality and the influence of money in politics begins in Zucotti Park, New York City
2012 – United States and Japanese government officials agree to put a second missile defense system in Japan
2016 – Terror bomb in Chelsea, New York injures 29
2018 – 50 girls treated in hospital in Kaya, Burkina Faso after illegal botched circumcisions
2019 – Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg tells US Congress “I know you are trying but just not hard enough. Sorry.”
2021 – France recalls its ambassadors to the US and Australia, describing their new Aukus pact and the cancellation of a major military contract as a ‘stab in the back’
2022 – Protests erupt in Iran and continue the next few days at the treatment of women, after the funeral of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year old who died in morality police custody
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
