1804 – Former U S Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton is mortally wounded at age 49 in a duel at Weehawken, N J with Vice President Aaron Burr, now 48, who has heard of insults directed at him by Hamilton and demanded satisfaction
0138 – Antoninus Pius succeeds Hadrian as Emperor of Rome
1156 – Siege of Shirakawa-den in Japan.
1244 – Khwarezmian Tatars sack Jerusalem, decimating the city’s Christian population and driving out Jews
1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) – a coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France’s huge knightly army.
1346 – Charles IV of Luxembourg was elected Holy Roman Emperor in Germany.
1405 – Chinese fleet commander Zheng He set sail to explore the world for the first time.
1533 – Henry VIII, who divorced his wife and became head of the church of England, was excommunicated from the Catholic Church by Pope Clement VII.
1656 – The first Quakers to land in America (Boston), Englishwomen Ann Austin and Mary Fisher, are arrested and jailed by the Puritan colonial government. After 5 years imprisonment they are deported back to Barbados
1690 – Battle of Drogheda Boyne: King William III defeats deposed King James II of England
1708 – The French were defeated at Oudenarde, Malplaquet, in the Netherlands by the Duke of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.
1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest it was on this day that Pluto moved from the ninth to the eighth most distant planet from the Sun for the last time before 1979
1740 – Jews are expelled from Little Russia.
1742 – A papal decree was issued condemning the disciplining actions of the Jesuits in China.
1786 – Morocco agreed to stop attacking American ships in the Mediterranean for a payment of $10,000.
1798 – The U.S. Marine Corps was formally re-established by “An Act for Establishing a Marine Corps” passed by the U.S. Congress. The act also created the U.S. Marine Band. The Marines were first commissioned by the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775.
1804 – Former U S Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton is mortally wounded at age 49 in a duel at Weehawken, N J with Vice President Aaron Burr, now 48, who has heard of insults directed at him by Hamilton and demanded satisfaction https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/burr-slays-hamilton-in-duel
1812 – US invades Canada (Detroit frontier)
1859 – A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published.
1864 – In the U.S., Confederate forces led by Gen. Jubal Early began an invasion of Washington, DC. They turned back the next day.
1873 – American whisky traders massacre group of Assiniboines; Cypress Hills Massacre forces the Government to send police to the Canadian West.
1897 – Salomon August Andre leaves Spitsbergen to try to reach the North pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies
1905 – Black intellectuals and activists led by W.E.B. Du Bois organize the civil rights Niagara Movement
1918 – Enrico Caruso recorded “Over There” written by George M. Cohan.
1919 – Eight-hour working day and free Sunday made into law in the Netherlands.
1921 – Former US President William Howard Taft sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice.
1921 – Mongolia becomes independent (from China).
1934 – The first appointments to the newly created Federal Communications Commission were made.
1934 – U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the first American chief executive to travel through the Panama Canal while in office.
1942 – First medical experiments are performed at Auschwitz.
1943 – Allied invasion of Sicily – German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.
1954 – The first White Citizens Council organizes in Indianola, Miss
1955 – The U.S. Air Force Academy was dedicated in Colorado at Lowry Air Base.
1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published.
1960 – Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Upper Volta & Niger declare independence
1962 – The first transatlantic TV transmission was sent through the Telstar I satellite.
1972 – U.S. forces broke the 95-day siege at An Loc in Vietnam.
1974 – House Judiciary Committee releases evidence on Watergate inquiry
1975 – Chinese archeologists discover a large burial site with 6,000 clay statutes of warriors from 221 BC
1977 – The Medal of Freedom was awarded posthumously to Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. in a White House ceremony.
1979 – The abandoned U.S. space station Skylab returned to Earth. It burned up in the atmosphere and showered debris over the Indian Ocean and Australia.
1985 – Dr. H. Harlan Stone announced that he had used zippers for stitches on 28 patients. The zippers were used when he thought he may have to re-operate.
1987 – According to the United Nations, the world population crossed the 5,000,000,000 (5 billion) mark
1990 – NYC police arrest “”Dartman”” (stabbed over 50 women with darts)
1992 – Presidential candidate Ross Perot at NAACP speech calls them “you people”
1995 – Srebrenica Genocide: Serb army from Yugoslavia and Bosnia, capture the Bosniak town of Srebrenica. More than eight thousands inhabitants are murdered. It is generally regarded to be the most horrific event in recent European history.
1995 – Full diplomatic relations were established between the United States and Vietnam.
1999 – A U.S. Air Force jet flew over the Antarctic and dropped off emergency medical supplies for Dr. Jerri Nelson after she had discovered a lump in her breast. Nelso was at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research Center.
2006 – Mumbai train bombings, Over 200 people were killed and about 700 people were injured in a series of bombings on Mumbai city trains.
2008 – Federal regulators seize IndyMac Bank after it succumbs to the pressures of tighter credit, tumbling home prices and rising foreclosures
2011 – Neptune completes its first orbit since its discovery on September 23, 1846
2013 – 30 people are killed in a wave of bomb and gun attacks across Iraq
2015 – Mexican drug lord Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán escapes from Altiplano maximum-security prison west of Mexico City via a specially constructed 1.5 km tunnel from his cell to a nearby house
2018 – Oldest stone tools outside Africa discovered in Lantian country, western China, estimated 2.12 million years old made by hominins
2019 – Japan’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft lands on the Ryugu asteroid 300m km (185m miles) from earth for a second time to collect samples
2021 – Rare mass anti-government protests across Cuba due to economic hardships and effects of COVID-19 led to widespread arrests
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
