1865 – 4 Lincoln assassination conspirators: Lewis Paine, David Herold, George Atzerodt, and Mary Surratt were executed for their role in a conspiracy to throw the Union government into turmoil.
1124 – Tyrus surrenders to Crusaders
1438 – King Charles VII issues the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges stating that a General Church Council with superior power to the Pope must be held every 10 years
1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death.
1534 – European colonization of the Americas: First known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick.
1543 – French troops invade Luxembourg.
1550 – Traditional date Chocolate thought to have been introduced to Europe
1585 – Treaty of Nemours abolishes tolerance to Protestants in France.
1647 – People’s uprising against high prices and Spanish rule in Naples
1742 – Battle of Bloody Marsh: Spanish forces assault British colonial forces on Simons Island, Georgia, and are decisively repelled
1754 – Kings College opened in New York City. It was renamed Columbia College 30 years later.
1798 – Quasi-War: The U.S. Congress rescinds treaties with France sparking the ‘war.’
1801 – Toussaint Louverture declares Haitian independence
1846 – U.S. annexation of California was proclaimed at Monterey after the surrender of a Mexican garrison.
1862 – The first railroad post office was tested on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad in Missouri.
1863 – Orders barring Jews from serving under US General Ulysses S. Grant are revoked
1863 – United States begins first military draft; exemptions cost $100
1865 – 4 Lincoln assassination conspirators: Lewis Paine, David Herold, George Atzerodt, and Mary Surratt were executed for their role in a conspiracy to throw the Union government into turmoil. https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/articles-and-essays/assassination-of-president-abraham-lincoln/timeline/
1876 – Hamburg massacre: white farmers attack a black militia in Hamburg, South Carolina with 7 killed
1885 – G. Moore Peters patented the cartridge-loading machine.
1898 – History of United States overseas expansion: President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
1908 – Great White Fleet leaves SF Bay
1917 – Russian Revolution: Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov forms Provisional Government in Russia after the deposing of the Tsar Nicholas II.
1928 – Sliced bread sold for the first time by the Chillicothe Baking Company, Missouri, using a machine invented by Otto Frederick Rohwedder. Described as the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped.
1930 – Construction began on Boulder Dam, later Hoover Dam, on the Colorado River.
1937 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge – Japanese forces invade Beijing, China
1941 – Nazis execute 5,000 Jews in Kovono, Lithuania
1941 – U.S. Forces Occupy Iceland During World War II, the neutral United States moved closer to war with Germany when U.S. forces landed on Iceland to take over its garrisoning from the British
1944 – Horthy stops Hungarian deportations. Captain Rothmund of the Swiss Alien Police modifies on paper severe regulations concerning refoulement (sending back refugees)
1946 – Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini was canonized as the first American saint.
1948 – 6 female reservists become 1st women sworn into regular US Navy
1950 – The U.N. Security Council authorized military aid for South Korea.
1953 – Che Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador
1956 – 7 Army trucks loaded with dynamite explode in the middle of Cali, Columbia killing 1,100-1,200, destroyimg 2,000 buildings
1960 – USSR shoots down a US aircraft over Barents sea
1966 – Obscenity ban for “Naked Lunch” by William S. Burroughs overturned by the Massachusetts Supreme Court after testimony by Allen Ginsberg and Norman Mailer
1969 – Canada’s House of Commons gave final approval to a measure that made the French language equal to English throughout the national government.
1976 – 119 women joined the Corps of Cadets, establishing the first class of women in the US Military Academy at West Point
1978 – The Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom.
1981 – U.S. President Reagan announced he was nominating Arizona Judge Sandra Day O’Connor to become the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
1983 – Eleven-year-old Samantha Smith of Manchester, Maine, left for a visit to the Soviet Union at the personal invitation of Soviet leader Yuri V. Andropov.
1986 – Soviet General and spy for the US Dmitri Polyakov arrested in retirement in Russia (executed 1988)
1986 – Supreme Court struck down Gramm-Rudman deficit-reduction law
1986 – Two Australians are hanged in Malaysia for drug trafficking, the first Westerners executed under Malaysia’s strict drug laws.
1987 – Public testimony at the Iran-Contra hearing began.
1988 – Soviet Union launches Phobos 1 to probe Martian moon (unsuccessful)
1991 – Brioni Declaration is signed, The agreement was signed by Slovenia, Croatia, and Yugoslavia on the Brioni islands in Croatia. The agreement marked the end of hostilities that began with the Slovenian War of Independence. Also known as the Ten Day War, the conflict began after Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia.
1999 – In Sierra Leone, President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah and rebel leader Foday Sankoh signed a pact to end the nation’s civil war.
2000 – Cisco Systems Inc. announced that it would buy Netiverse Inc. for $210 million in stock. It was the 13th time Cisco had purchased a company in 2000.
2002 – A scandal broke out in the United Kingdom when news reports alleged MI6 of sheltering Abu Qatada, the supposed European Al Qaeda leader
2003 – In Liberia, a team of U.S. military experts arrived at the U.S. embassy compound to assess whether to deploy troops as part of a peacekeeping force in the country.
2005 – A series of four terrorist explosions occur on London’s transport system killing 56 people, including four suicide bombers
2014 – Israel launches a “counter-terrorist operation” dubbed Operation Protective Edge against Hamas in Gaza
2016 In Dallas Texas, lone gunman shots and kills five police officers, wounding others during a protest march against fatal police shootings of African Americans
2017 – The first Tesla Model 3 rolled off the assembly line.
2019 – Mississippi closes all its beaches due to toxic algae bloom due to flooding of the Mississippi River
2019 – Nigeria, Africa’ biggest economy, joins the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), in attempt to create world’s largest free trade area
2020 – Violent protests in Belgrade, Serbia, at government announcement of weekend lockdown due to COVID-19 surge
2021 – Haiti president Jovenel Moïse assassinated in his home in Pétionville, Haiti, state of emergency declared across the country
2022 – British Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces his resignation at Downing Street after pressure from, and mass resignations of his ministers
2022 – US scientists begin the search for dark matter with a device in a former gold mine in Lead, South Dakota
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
