1944 – George Stinney, a 14-year-old African-American boy, is wrongfully executed for the murder of two white girls, becoming the youngest person ever executed in 20th-century America
0455 – Rome was sacked by the Vandal army.
1487 – The War of the Roses ended with the Battle of Stoke.
1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned in Lochleven Castle in Scotland.
1624 – Virginia becomes an English crown colony following the bankruptcy of the London Company
1779 – Spain declares war on Great Britain in support of France and the USA, starting the Great Siege of Gibraltar which goes on to last 3 years, 7 months and 2 weeks
1815 – French army under Napoleon defeats Prussia in the Battle of Ligny, Napoleon’s last military victory
1822 – Denmark Vesey (aka Telemaque) Black American carpenter accused of planning a slave rebellion in South Carolina; tried and convicted, later executed by hanging
1858 – In a speech in Springfield, IL, U.S. Senate candidate Abraham Lincoln said the slavery issue had to be resolved. He declared, “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”
1873 – US President Ulysses Grant decrees a portion of Wallowa Valley, Oregon for Nez-Percé Indians; order rescinded two years later and tribe forcibly re-located to Oklahoma
1884 – At Coney Island, in Brooklyn, NY, the first roller coaster in America opened.
1890 – The second Madison Square Gardens opened.
1893 – German-American F.W. Rueckheim introduces “Cracker Jack” brand snack food consisting of caramel-coated popcorn and peanuts
1904 – The novel “Ulysses” by James Joyce took place. The main character of the book was Leopold Bloom.
1907 – Tsar Nicolas II of Russia dissolves the Second Duma (parliament) and issues an edict that will increase representation of propertied classes while reducing that of peasants, workers and national minorities
1932 – The ban on Nazi storm troopers was lifted by the von Papen government in Germany.
1933 – US National Industrial Recovery Act becomes law (later struck down)
1941 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the closure of all German consulates in the United States. The deadline was set as July 10.
1944 – George Stinney, a 14-year-old African-American boy, is wrongfully executed for the murder of two white girls, becoming the youngest person ever executed in 20th-century America
1952 – “Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl” was published in the United States.
1955 – The U.S. House of Representatives voted to extend Selective Service until 1959.
1955 – Argentine naval officers launched an attack on President Juan Peron’s headquarters. The revolt was suppressed by the army.
1959 – South African Apartheid government efforts to remove Black people from Cato Manor close to the Durban city center to newly established black township Kwa Mashu, on outskirts met with violent resistance
1963 – 26-year-old Valentina Tereshkova went into orbit aboard the Vostok 6 spacecraft for three days. She was the first female space traveler.
1969 – US Supreme Court rules suspension of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr from House of Representatives violated Article I of the Constitution by citing reasons beyond the exclusive list of qualifications in the article
1972 – Ulrike Meinhof was captured by West German police in Hanover. She was co-founder of the Baader-Meinhof terrorist group and the Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion).
1976 – South African police kill hundreds of protesting schoolchildren – An estimated 20,000 youth were protesting against the introduction of Afrikaans as the languages of instruction in their schools when police officers started firing into the crowd. The “Soweto uprising” is today commemorated on Youth Day each year.
1977 – Leonid Brezhnev was named the first Soviet president of the USSR. He was the first person to hold the post of president and Communist Party General Secretary. He replaced Nikolai Podgorny.
1978 – U.S. President Carter and Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos ratified the Panama Canal treaties.
1979 – Muslim Brotherhood kills 62 sheiks in Aleppo, Syria
1980 – US Supreme Court rules that live, human-made micro-organisms created in labs could be patentable, in Diamond v. Chakrabarty
1983 – Yuri Andropov was elected chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. The position was the equivalent of president.
1992 – U.S. President George H.W. Bush welcomed Russian President Boris Yeltsin to a meeting in Washington, DC. The two agreed in principle to reduce strategic weapon arsenals by about two-thirds by the year 2003.
1999 – The U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said that a 1992 federal music piracy law does not prohibit a palm-sized device that can download high-quality digital music files from the Internet and play them at home.
2000 – Israel complies with UN Security Council Resolution 425 after 22 years, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from Lebanon. Israel withdraws from all of Lebanon, except the disputed Sheba Farms
2000 – U.S. Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson reported that an employee at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico had discovered that two computer hard drives were missing.
2010 – The world’s first country-wide total tobacco ban goes into effect – Bhutan banned the cultivation, harvesting, production, and sale of tobacco and tobacco products. It is still legal in the South Asian country to smoke in a private setting, but obtaining tobacco products legally is close to impossible.
2013 – 20 people are killed by a series of car bombings across Iraq
2017 – US President Donald Trump reinstates Cuban travel and business restrictions after they were loosened by President Obama
2019 – Sara Netanyahu, wife of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu admits to misuse of state funds in court
2020 – At least 20 Indian soldiers killed in 1st deadly clash on the Chinese Indian border in 45 years in the Galwan Valley, Himalayas
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
