0044 BC – The Ides of March: Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus and several other Roman senators
0221 – Liu Bei, a Chinese warlord and member of the Han royal house, declares himself emperor of Shu-Han, claims his legitimate succession to the Han Dynasty
0351 – Constantius II elevates his cousin Gallus to Caesar, and puts him in charge of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.
0493 – Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths, murders King Odoacer of Italy with his sword at a banquet in Ravenna
1341 – During the Hundred Years War, an alliance was signed between Roman Emperor Louis IV and France’s Philip VI.
1360 – France invasion army lands on English south coast, conquers Winchelsea
1493 – Christopher Columbus returned to Spain after his first New World voyage.
1526 – French Dauphin Francis and his brother Henry exchanged as hostages for their father Francis I, beginning of four years of captivity in Spain under the Treaty of Madrid
1545 – First meeting of the Council of Trent.
1672 – King Charles II of England enacts the Declaration of Indulgence in an unsuccessful attempt to extend religious liberty to Protestant nonconformists and Roman Catholics in his realms
1781 – During the American Revolution, the Battle of Guilford Courthouse took place in North Carolina. British General Cornwallis’ 1,900 soldiers defeated an American force of 4,400.
1783 – In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful and the threatened coup d’etat never takes place
1820 – Maine was admitted as the 23rd state of the Union.
1862 – General John Hunt Morgan began four days of raids near the city of Gallatin, TN
1864 – Red River Campaign began as the Union forces reach Alexandria, LA.
1875 – The Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York, John McCloskey, was named the first American cardinal.
1892 – New York State unveiled the new automatic ballot voting machine.
1901 – German Chancellor von Bulow declared that an agreement between Russia and China over Manchuria would violate the Anglo-German accord of October 1900.
1902 – In Boston, MA, 10,000 freight handlers went back to work after a weeklong strike.
1903 – The British conquest of Nigeria was completed. 500,000 square miles were now controlled by the U.K.
1907 – In Finland, woman won their first seats in the Finnish Parliament. They took their seats on May 23.
1910 – Otto Kahn offered $500,000 for a family portrait by Dutch artist Frans Hals. Kahn had outbid J.P. Morgan for the work.
1913 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson held the first open presidential news conference.
1916 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sent 12,000 troops, under General Pershing, over the border of Mexico to pursue bandit Pancho Villa. The mission failed.
1919 – The American Legion was founded in Paris.
1922 – Fuad I assumed the title of king of Egypt after the country gained nominal independence from Britain.
1928 – Mussolini modifies Italy electoral system (abolishes right to choose)
1934 – Henry Ford restored the $5 a day wage.
1935 – Joseph Goebbels, German Minister of Propaganda banned four Berlin newspapers.
1937 – In Chicago, IL, the first blood bank to preserve blood for transfusion by refrigeration was established at the Cook County Hospital.
1938 – Oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia.
1943 – World War II: Third Battle of Kharkov – the Germans retake the city of Kharkov from the Soviet armies in bitter street fighting.
1946 – British Premier Attlee offered India full independence after agreement on a constitution.
1949 – Clothes rationing in Great Britain ended nearly four years after the end of World War II.
1951 – In Teheran, Iran Persia nationalizes Anglo-Iranian Oil Company; founded by Lord Strathcona and first developed by Canadian drillers.
1955 – The U.S. Air Force unveiled a self-guided missile.
1960 – The first underwater park was established as Key Largo Coral Reef Preserve.
1964 – LBJ asks for a War on Poverty
1966 – Racial riots erupt in the Watts section of Los Angeles
1968 – The U.S. mint halted the practice of buying and selling gold.
1971 – Chatrooms make their debut on ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet
1977 – The U.S. House of Representatives began a 90-day test to determine the feasibility of showing its sessions on television.
1978 – Operation Litani: Israeli offensive in South Lebanon to rid area of Palestine guerrillas
1979 – Pope John Paul II published his first encyclical “Redemptor Hominis.” In the work he warned of the growing gap between the rich and poor.
1982 – Nicaragua’s ruling junta proclaimed a month-long state of siege and suspended the nation’s constitution for one day. This came a day after anti-government rebels destroyed two bridges near the Honduran border.
1984 – The FBI’s GREYLORD investigation into judicial misconduct in Cook County Illinois yielded its first conviction, a former Deputy Traffic Court Clerk. Other convictions followed. Eighty-two judges, lawyers, clerks, and police officers pled guilty or were convicted in court.
1985 – In Brazil, two decades of military rule came to an end with the installation of a civilian government.
1989 – The U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs became the 14th Department in the President’s Cabinet.
1990 – In Iraq, British journalist Farzad Bazoft was hanged for spying.
1991 – Four Los Angeles police officers were indicted in the beating of Rodney King on March 3, 1991.
1994 – U.S. President Clinton extended the moratorium on nuclear testing until September of 1995.
1998 – More than 15,000 ethnic Albanians marched in Yugoslavia to demand independence for Kosovo.
1999 – Pluto again becomes outermost planet
2002 – Libyan Abdel Baset Ali Mohmed Al-Megrahi began his life sentence in a Scottish jail for his role in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988.
2004 – Announcement of the discovery of 90377 Sedna, the farthest natural object in the Solar system so far observed
2013 – Li Keqiang assumes office as the 7th Premier of the People’s Republic of China
2017 – Disney refuses to cut gay moment in film “Beauty and the Beast” for Malaysian censors, instead pulls film from Malaysia
2018 – Slovakia’s prime minister Robert Fico resigns amid crisis after the murder of a journalist Jan Kuciak investigating mafia connections
2019 – Terrorist attack on two mosques by a right-wing Australian gunman kills 51 and wounds 50 in Christchurch, New Zealand
2020 – European countries impose restrictions on gatherings and borders as COVID-19 deaths rates rise dramatically – Italy 1,809, Spain 288, France 120
2021 – Armed attackers kill at least 58 people in the Tillabery region, southwest Niger, government declares three days of mourning
2022 – Hong Kong amid its worst COVID-19 outbreak records over 4,000 deaths in a few months, largely due to low vaccination, as Omicron hits, forcing it to abandon its covid-zero policy
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
