1859 – Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, published “On the Origin of Species.” It was the paper in which he explained his theory of evolution through the process of natural selection.
0380 – Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople.
1105 – Rabbi Nathan ben Yehiel of Rome completes Talmudic dictionary
1190 – Isabella of Jerusalem marries Conrad of Montferrat at Acre, making him de jure King.
1221 – Battle of the Indus: Genghis Khan’s Mongol force defeats Shah Jalal ad-Din’s army, last battle in Mongolian conquest of Khwarezmian Empire
1542 – Battle of Solway Moss: English beat Scottish King James V
1601 – Earl Mauritius ceases siege of De Bosch due to strict monarchy
1615 – French King Louis XIII married Ann of Austria. They were both 14 years old.
1639 – 1st observation of transit of Venus by Jeremiah Horrocks and William Crabtree – helped establish size of the Solar System
1642 – Abel Tasman becomes the first European to discover the island Van Diemen’s Land (later renamed Tasmania).
1775 – Continental Congress approves resolution barring blacks from army
1832 – South Carolina passes Ordinance of Nullification, declaring the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional in and unenforceable in South Carolina, precipitating the Nullification Crisis which presaged the American Civil War
1859 – Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, published “On the Origin of Species.” It was the paper in which he explained his theory of evolution through the process of natural selection.
1863 – During the Civil War, the battle for Lookout Mountain began in Tennessee.
1874 – Joseph F. Glidden was granted a patent for a barbed fencing material.
1877 – Black Beauty is published, The classic novel about the life of a horse called Black Beauty was written by English author Anna Sewell
1896 – 1st US absentee voting law enacted by Vermont
1903 – Clyde J. Coleman received the patent for an electric self-starter for an automobile.
1912 – Conflict in the Balkans grows into an acute international crisis with major powers supporting either Austria or Serbia
1916 – Mexican and US representatives sign a protocol at Atlantic City, under which Pershing’s troops will withdraw and each nation’s army will guard the border. President Carranza of Mexico will refuse to accept it
1917 – Nine police officers and one civilian are killed when a bomb explodes at the Milwaukee, Wisconsin police headquarters building.
1922 – Author and Irish Republican Army member Robert Erskine Childers is executed by an Irish Free State firing squad for illegally carrying a revolver.
1924 – General Feng Yu-Hsiang, a warlord from the north of China, turns on his allies and seizes Peking
1940 – Nazis closed off the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw, Poland. Over the next three years the population dropped from 350,000 to 70,000 due to starvation, disease and deportations to concentration camps.
1941 – “Life Certificates” issued to some Jews of Vilna, the rest are exterminated
1942 – The State Department confirms the existence of Nazi extermination camps and the murder of two million Jews to date.
1944 – During World War II, the first raid against the Japanese capital of Tokyo was made by land-based U.S. bombers.
1947 – The “Hollywood 10,” were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to answer questions about alleged Communist influence in their industry.
1950 – UN troops begin an assault intending to end Korean War by Christmas
1958 – Mali becomes an autonomous state within French Community
1963 – Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald live on national television.
1966 – New York City experiences the smoggiest day in the city’s history, 400 die of respiratory failure & heart attack
1969 – U.S. Army officials announce 1st Lt. William Calley will be court-martialed for the premeditated murder of 109 Vietnamese civilians at My Lai.
1971 – Hijacker Dan Cooper, known as D.B. Cooper, parachuted from a Northwest Airlines 727 over Washington state with $200,000 in ransom.
1974 – Donald Johanson and Tom Gray discover the 40% complete Australopithecus afarensis skeleton, nicknamed “”Lucy”” after The Beatles song “”Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds,”” in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia’s Afar Depression
1979 – Senate report proves US troops in Vietnam were exposed to the toxic chemical defoliant Agent Orange
1983 – The Palestine Liberation Organization released six Israeli prisoners in exchange for the release of 4,500 Palestinians and Lebanese held by the Israelis.
1985 – In Malta, Egyptian commandos stormed an Egyptian jetliner. 60 people died in the raid.
1987 – The U.S. and the Soviet Union agreed to scrap short- and medium-range missiles. It was the first superpower treaty to eliminate an entire class of nuclear weapons.
1989 – Czechoslovakia’s hard-line party leadership resigned after more than a week of protests against its policies.
1993 – Robert Thompson and Jon Venables (both 11 years old) were convicted of murdering 2-year-old James Bulger of Liverpool, England. They were both sentenced to “indefinite detention.”
1995 – In Ireland, the voters narrowly approved a constitutional amendment legalizing divorce.
1998 – A federal judge ruled that a Virginia library constitutionally could not block Internet pornography from library computers
2006 – Israeli rapist Benny Sela escapes from police custody while being transferred to a court hearing.
2012 – Fire breaks out in a clothing factory in Dhaka. Over 110 people were killed and about 200 people were injured at the Tazreen Fashion factory on the outskirts of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2015 – Chicago police officer Jason Van Dyke is charged with first-degree murder of 17 year old African American Laquan McDonald in 2014
2017 – Militant gunmen attack a Sufi mosque in Bir al-Abed on the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, killing 305 people, government retaliates bombing the area
2019 – Data leaked from Chinese high-security Muslim Uighur security camps, housing 1 million people, show systematic brainwashing in western Xinjiang region
2020 – Scotland’s parliament votes to become the first country to make period products free
2021 – Three men found guilty by a jury of felony murder of black runner Ahmaud Arbery, with Travis McMichael also convicted of malice murder in Brunswick, Georgia
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
