1961 – The Antarctic Treaty comes into force – The treaty was the first arms control agreement signed during the Cold War. It sets Antarctica aside as a scientific preserve and prohibits military activities on the continent.
0930 – World’s oldest parliament, the Icelandic Parliament, the Alþingi (anglicised as Althing or Althingi), established
1532 – Henry VIII of England & Francois I of France sign secret treaty against Emperor Charles V
1547 – Champion of the Protestant Reformation, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse is captured and taken to south Germany
1661 – Marriage contract for Charles II of England and Catharina of Portugal
1683 – William Penn signs friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape indians in Pennsylvania; only treaty “not sworn to, nor broken”
1700 – Russia gave up its Black Sea fleet as part of a truce with the Ottoman Empire.
1713 – The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada
1789 – French King Louis XVI rejects the demands of the Third Estate, calling itself the National Assembly, during the opening stages of the French Revolution
1794 – Russian Empress Catherine II (Catherine the Great) grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev
1819 – First editions of “The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.” by Washington Irving released, featuring story “Rip Van Winkle”
1836 – The U.S. Congress approved the Deposit Act, which contained a provision for turning over surplus federal revenue to the states.
1848 – A bloody insurrection of workers in Paris erupted.
1865 – Confederate General Stand Watie, who was also a Cherokee chief, surrendered the last sizable Confederate army at Fort Towson, in the Oklahoma Territory.
1868 – Christopher Latham Sholes patents the Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful of its kind
1894 – The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is founded – The IOC is responsible for organizing the Olympic Games and similar events. The committee was established at the initiative of French educator, Pierre de Coubertin.
1898 – Emilio Aguinaldo issues a decree replacing his dictatorial government with a revolutionary government, with himself as President
1902 – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy renewed the Triple Alliance for a 12 year duration.
1934 – Italy gained the right to colonize Albania after defeating the country.
1939 – US Congress establishes US Coast Guard Reserve (renamed US Coast Guard Auxiliary 1941) as uniformed volunteer units supporting the Coast Guard
1943 – British ambassador to Portugal Ronald Hugh Campbell invokes the almost 600 year old Anglo-Portuguese alliance between the two countries to request the use of military facilities on the Azores
1947 – The U.S. Senate joined the House in overriding President Truman’s veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
1951 – Soviet U.N. delegate Jacob Malik proposed cease-fire discussions in the Korean War.
1959 – Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany (where he resumed a scientific career history of ultrasounds
1960 – 1st contraceptive pill is made available for purchase in the U.S.
1961 – The Antarctic Treaty comes into force – The treaty was the first arms control agreement signed during the Cold War. It sets Antarctica aside as a scientific preserve and prohibits military activities on the continent.
1963 – The Detroit March to Freedom occurs with 125,000 people participating, the largest civil rights demonstration in America up to that point
1966 – Civil Rights marchers in Mississippi were dispersed by tear gas.
1967 – US Senate censures Thomas J Dodd from Connecticut (D). for misusing campaign funds
1969 – 24 Africans from the Graaff-Reinet district, Cape Province, appear in the Grahamstown Supreme Court on charges under the Sabotage Act; alleged they had conspired or incited others to kill White people or police
1972 – U.S. President Nixon and White House chief of staff H.R. Haldeman discussed a plan to use the CIA to obstruct the FBI’s Watergate investigation.
1972 – US President Nixon signs act barring sex discrimination in college sports
1982 – US pass the Intelligence Identities Protection Act (Public Law 97-200)
1983 – US Supreme Court ruled Congress could not veto presidential decisions
1985 – Bomb destroys Air India Boeing 747 in air near Ireland, 329 die
1986 – Tip O’Neill refuses to let President Reagan address House
1993 – Nigeria’s military dictator, General Ibrahim Babangida, annuls results of presidential elections and halts a return to democracy
1994 – Opération Turquoise: 2,500 French troops head into Rwanda to protect civilians under the mandate of the United Nations
2000 – The bulk ore carrier MV Treasure sinks off the western coast of South Africa, soiling more than 19 000 penguins; this resulted in the world’s largest ever rescue of birds from an oiling event
2004 – The U.S. proposed that North Korea agree to a series of nuclear disarmament measures over a three-month period in exchange for economic benefits.
2012 – 76 monks are hospitalized in Thailand following an attack by a swarm of bees
2015 – NASA’s Mars Odyssey completed its 60,000th orbit around Mars. The spacecraft entered orbit on October 23, 2001.
2016 – Ceasefire agreement signed between Colombian government and Farc rebels – ending more than 50 years of conflict
2016 – The UK votes to leave the European Union – Just over half of the electorate voted for “Brexit”, Britain’s exit from the EU. The UK had been part of the union since 1973.
2017 – Saudi Arabia and allies, Egypt, UAE and Bahrain issue list of 13 conditions to Qatar in return for lifting sanctions, including closing Al Jazeera TV
2018 – Explosion at a rally in Addis Ababa after speech by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed kills two and injures 150
2021 – US Supreme Court rules in favor of teen kicked off cheerleading team after profane social media post, saying school violated her free speech
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
