1863 – Lawrence Massacre [Quantrill’s raid]: 450 Confederate guerrillas led by William Quantrill with William T. Anderson and Frank James attack the Unionist town of Lawrence, Kansas, killing more than 150 unarmed men and boys
1192 – Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the de facto ruler of Japan. (Traditional Japanese date: July 12, 1192)
1264 – Kublai Khan accepts the surrender of his younger brother Ariq Böke at Xanadu, at the end of the Mongol civil war
1321 – 160 Jews of Chincon France, burned at stake
1541 – Ottoman Turks under Suleiman the Magnificent capture Buda, the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom and go on to dominate central Hungary for 150 years
1673 – King Louis XIV donates 600 books to found the library of L’Académie française
1680 – The Pueblo Indians drove the Spanish out and took possession of Santa Fe, NM.
1703 – The Edirne Event: Turkish army removes Sultan Mustafa II, lessening the power of the sultans
1760 – The church (later cathedral) of “”Our Lady of Candlemas of Mayagez (Puerto Rico)”” is founded, establishing the basis for the founding of the city.
1772 – King Gustav III completes his coup d’etat by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden and installing him as an enlightened despot
1781 – Jury in Sheffield, Massachusetts, grants two slaves Bett (later Elizabeth Freeman) and Bron their freedom after Freeman brings the case to court
1796 – Mississauga Chief Wabakinine, protecting his sister from a British soldier, is struck on the head with a rock and killed; his wife is also seriously injured
1831 – Nat Turner, a former slave, led a violent insurrection in Virginia. He was later executed.
1852 – Tlingit warriors destroy Hudson’s Bay Company Fort Selkirk, Yukon after the HBC tries to break the Tlingit monopoly on trade with interior tribes
1858 – First Lincoln-Douglas debate (Illinois)
1863 – Lawrence Massacre [Quantrill’s raid]: 450 Confederate guerrillas led by William Quantrill with William T. Anderson and Frank James attack the Unionist town of Lawrence, Kansas, killing more than 150 unarmed men and boys https://civilwaronthewesternborder.org/encyclopedia/quantrills-raid-lawrence#:~:text=William%20Quantrill%27s%20raid%20on%20the,and%20190%20men%20and%20boys.
1878 – The American Bar Association was formed by a group of lawyers, judges and law professors in Saratoga, NY.
1879 – The Virgin Mary, along with St. Joseph and St. John the Evangelist reportedly appear to the people of Knock, County Mayo, Ireland
1901 – Baltimore Orioles pitcher Joe McGinnity is suspended from MLB for punching & spitting on umpire Tom Connolly in previous day’s 5-2 loss to Detroit Tigers; lifetime suspension reduced to 12 days
1911 – The Mona Lisa is stolen, The famed Leonardo da Vinci painting was stolen by a Louvre employee. It was recovered 2 years later in Italy.
1912 – Arthur R. Eldred became the first American boy to become an Eagle Scout. It is the highest rank in the Boy Scouts of America.
1923 – In Kalamazoo, Michigan, an ordinance was passed forbidding dancers from gazing into the eyes of their partner.
1938 – Italy bars all Jewish teachers in Public & High School
1939 – Attorney Samuel Tucker organizes a peaceful sit-in at the public library in Alexandria, Virginia, in effort to grant Black patrons equal access; five young men are arrested for disorderly conduct – no trial is ever held and charges officially dropped 80 years later, and community builds a separate facility nearby
1942 – World War II: Allied forces involved in the Guadalcanal campaign defeated an attack by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers in the Battle of the Tenaru.
1943 – Japan evacuated the Aleutian island of Kiaska. Kiaska had been the last North American foothold held by the Japanese.
1945 – U.S. President Truman ended the Lend-Lease program that had shipped about $50 billion in aid to America’s Allies during World War II.
1959 – Hawaii became the 50th state. U.S. President Eisenhower also issued the order for the 50 star flag.
1961 – Kenyan political activist Jomo Kenyatta released from jail after 9 years. Imprisoned during 1952 Mau Mau rebellion with other nationalist leaders by British authorities
1963 – Xa Loi Pagoda raids: The Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces loyal to Ngo Dinh Nhu, brother of President Ngo Dinh Diem, vandalises Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead
1963 – In South Vietnam, martial law was declared. Army troops and police began to crackdown on the Buddhist anti-government protesters.
1968 – James Anderson, Jr. posthumously receives the first Medal of Honor to be awarded to an African American U.S. Marine
1971 – A bomb exploded in the Liberal Party campaign rally in Plaza Miranda, Manila, Philippines with several anti-Marcos political candidates injured
1976 – “Operation Paul Bunyan” begins in retaliation for the “Korean axe murder incident” 3 days prior. 110 troops, 27 helicopters, 3 B-52 bombers are deployed to the Korean Demilitarized Zone to cut down a poplar blocking the view of UN observers
1983 – Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino, Jr. was assassinated at the Manila International Airport (now renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport)
1986 – Lake Nyos volcanic eruption in Cameroon releases a poisonous gas cloud of carbon dioxide, killing 1,746 people and 3,500 livestock
1989 – Voyager 2, a U.S. space probe, got close to the Neptune moon called Triton.
1990 – Gang of convicts from Siberian labour camp overpower guards aboard Aeroflot passenger flight, hijack plane to Pakistan and seek political asylum
1991 – The hard-line coup against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev ended. The uprising that led to the collapse was led by Russian federation President Boris Yeltsin.
1992 – NBC News fired Authur Kent two weeks after he refused an assignment to war-torn Croatia.
1993 – NASA lost contact with the Mars Observer spacecraft. The fate of the spacecraft was unknown. The mission cost $980 million.
1996 – The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 was signed by U.S. President Clinton. The act made it easier to obtain and keep health insurance.
1997 – Hudson Foods Inc. closed a plant in Nebraska after it had recalled 25 million pounds of ground beef that was potentially contaminated with E. coli 01557:H7. It was the largest food recall in U.S. history.
1997 – Afghanistan suspended its embassy operations in the United States.
2001 – The Red Cross announces that a famine is striking Tajikistan, and calls for international financial aid for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
2002 – In Pakistan, President General Pervez Musharraf unilaterally amended the Pakistani constitution. He extended his term in office and granted himself powers that included the right to dissolve parliament.
2003 – In Ghana, businessman Gyude Bryant was selected to oversee the two-year power-sharing accord between Liberia’s rebels and the government. The accord was planned to guide the country out of 14 years of civil war.
2012 – 20 people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo die from the Ebola virus
2014 – Israeli airstrike in Rafah kills Mohammed Abu Shammala, Raed al Atar and Mohammed Barhoum – 3 of Hamas’s top commanders
2015 – After 108 years a “message in a bottle” put in the sea by UK Marine Biological Association is announced found on a beach in Amrum, Germany
2015 Terrorist attack on train between Amsterdam and Paris thwarted by 4 passengers overpowering gunman
2017 – Johnson & Johnson ordered to pay $417m to woman who developed ovarian cancer after using their talc-based products
2018 – Californian Representative Duncan Hunter indicted for using campaign funds for personal expenses including holidays and flight for a pet rabbit
2019 – Nigeria goes three years without a case of polio in landmark toward eradication of the disease
2019 – US President Donald Trump says Danish PM Mette Frederiksen was “nasty” to him over his interest in buying Greenland and cancels his trip to Denmark
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
