1512 – Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regards to native Indians in the New World
1657 – “Flushing Remonstrance” petition signed in the Dutch colony of New Netherland, protesting the ban on Quaker worship
1831 – Charles Darwin set out on a voyage to the Pacific aboard the HMS Beagle. Darwin’s discoveries during the voyage helped him form the basis of his theories on evolution. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hms-beagle-departs-england
1900 – Carrie Nation staged her first raid on a saloon at the Carey Hotel in Wichita, KS. She broke each and every one of the liquor bottles that could be seen.
1913 – Charles Moyer, president of the Miners Union, is shot in the back and dragged through the streets of Chicago.
1915 – US Iron and Steel workers begin a 3-week strike in Ohio for a eight-hour-day; they are successful as the US needs steel for armaments
1918 – Greater Poland Uprising of 1918–1919 begins. The revolt against the Germans began in Poznań after a speech by the Polish Prime Minster, Ignacy Paderewski. The uprising led to newer territory being added to Poland in the Treaty of Versailles.
1927 – Leon Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party.
1934 – Shah of Persia Mohammad Reza Pahlavi declares Persia now Iran
1945 – International Monetary Fund formally established by 29 member countries based on ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes
1947 – The children’s television program “Howdy Doody,” hosted by Bob Smith, made its debut on NBC.
1949 – Indonesian Independence. The Southeast Asian country’s independence came after 4 years of revolution and struggle. In August 1945, Sukarno signed the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, which was formally accepted and recognized by the Dutch in 1949.
1978 – Spain becomes a democracy after 40 years of dictatorship as King Juan Carlos ratifies Spain’s 1st democratic constitution
1979 – Soviet forces seized control of Afghanistan. Babrak Karmal succeeded President Hafizullah Amin, who was overthrown and executed.
1983 – Pope John Paul II pardons man who shot him (Mehmet Ali Agca)
1983 – President Reagan takes all responsibility for the lack of security in Beirut that allowed a terrorist on a suicide mission to kill 241 Marines.
1985 – Palestinian guerrillas opened fire inside the Rome and Vienna airports. A total of twenty people were killed, including five of the attackers, who were slain by police and security personnel.
1996 – Muslim fundamentalist Taliban forces retook the strategic air base of Bagram, solidifying their buffer zone around Kabul, the Afghanistan capital.
2001 – U.S. President George W. Bush granted China permanent normal trade status with the United States.
2002 – North Korea ordered U.N. nuclear inspectors to leave the country and said that it would restart a laboratory capable of producing plutonium for nuclear weapons.
2002 – Two truck bombs kill 72 and wound 200 at the pro-Moscow headquarters of the Chechen government in Grozny, Chechnya.
2008 – Israel launches Operation Cast Lead in the Gaza Strip, beginning with an airstrike that hits 100 targets in 220 seconds killing around 250 people
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
