1917 – During World War I, Arab forces led by T.E. Lawrence captured the port of Aqaba from the Turks. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-lawrence-arabia-180951857/
1189 – Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England, upon the death of King Henry II
1348 – Papal bull of Pope Clement VI issued during the Black Death stating Jews not to blame and urging their protection
1415 – Bohemian religious reformer Jan Hus is burned at the stake in Constance, Germany
1483 – King Richard III of England was crowned.
1535 – Sir Thomas More was beheaded after refusing to join Henry VIII’s Church of England.
1609 – Majesteitsbrief: Emperor Rudolf II grants Bohemia freedom of religion
1699 – Captain William Kidd, the pirate, was captured in Boston, MA, and deported back to England.
1775 – Congress issues “Declaration of the Causes & Necessity of Taking up Arms”, listing grievances but denying intent to be independent
1777 – British forces captured Fort Ticonderoga during the American Revolution.
1789 – French Revolution: the National Assembly forms a committee of thirty members to write a new constitution
1798 – US law makes aliens “liable to be apprehended, restrained, … & removed as alien enemies”
1854 – 1st Republican state convention held in Jackson, Michigan
1863 – Northern Territory passes from New South Wales to South Australia
1885 – Louis Pasteur successfully tested his anti-rabies vaccine. The child used in the test later became the director of the Pasteur Institute.
1892 – Striking steel workers in Homestead, Pennsylvania, fire on scabs, killing 7
1904 – Two Russian cruisers move into the Red Sea and begin to stop ships of Britain, Germany, and other nations they believe friendly to Japan
1917 – During World War I, Arab forces led by T.E. Lawrence captured the port of Aqaba from the Turks. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-lawrence-arabia-180951857/
1919 – Institute for Sexual Science opened in Berlin by physician Magnus Hirschfeld to establish study of sexual science
1923 – The Central Executive Committee accepts the Treaty of Union, signed in Moscow in December 1922, and the Russian Empire becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1933 – The first All-Star baseball game was held in Chicago. The American League beat the National League 4-2.
1933 – “Nertsery Rhymes” short film starring Ted Healy and His Stooges premieres, one of the first film appearance of The Three Stooges
1942 – Diarist Anne Frank and her family took refuge from the Nazis in Amsterdam.
1944 – A fire caused by inept fire-eaters in the main tent of the Ringling Brothers Circus in Hartford, Conn., killed over 160 people.
1945 – U.S. President Truman signed an order creating the Medal of Freedom.
1947 – The Ak-47 goes into production in the Soviet Union
1957 – Harry S. Truman Library forms in Independence, Missouri
1967 – The Biafran War erupted. The war lasted two-and-a-half years. About 600,000 people died.
1970 – California passes 1st “no fault” divorce law
1971 – White House Plumbers unit formed to plug news leaks
1979 – IRA bomb explodes in British consulate in Antwerp
1981 – Former President of Argentina Isabel Peron was freed after five years of house arrest by a federal court.
1981 – The Dupont Company announced an agreement to purchase Conoco, Inc. (Continental Oil Co.) for $7 billion. At the time it was the largest merger in corporate history.
1983 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that retirement plans could not pay women smaller monthly payments solely because of their gender.
1985 – The submarine Nautilus arrived in Groton, Connecticut. The vessel had been towed from Mare Island Naval Shipyard.
1987 – 1st of 3 massacres by Sikh extremists takes place in India
1988 – Several popular beaches were closed in New York City due to medical waste and other debris began washing up on the seashores.
1988 – North Sea oil platform Piper Alpha explodes, 166 die
1989 – The U.S. Army destroyed its last Pershing 1-A missiles at an ammunition plant in Karnack, TX. The dismantling was under the terms of the 1987 Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
1995 – Venezuelan Congress approves the country’s first investment law allowing for foreign participation in oil exploration and production
1997 – The Mars Pathfinder released Sojourner, a robot rover on the surface of Mars. The spacecraft landed on the red planet on July 4th.
1998 – Protestants rioted in many parts of Northern Ireland after British authorities blocked an Orange Order march in Portadown.
1999 – U.S. Army private Barry Winchell dies from baseball-bat injuries inflicted in his sleep the previous day by fellow soldiers for his relationship with transgendered showgirl and former Navy combat medic, Calpernia Addams
2003 – 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar sends a METI message (Cosmic Call 2) to 5 stars: Hip 4872, HD 245409, 55 Cancri, HD 10307 and 47 Ursae Majoris that will arrive in 2036, 2040, May 2044, September 2044 and 2049 respectively
2013 – 42 people are killed in an attack on a boarding school in Mamudo, Nigeria
2017 – Sri Lankan government confirms outbreak of dengue fever has killed at least 227
2017 – Illinois State Senate votes to override Governor Bruce Rauner’s veto to approve 1st budget in more than two years, longest-lasting such dispute of any state
2020 – Zoonotic diseases, which jump from animals to humans, are increasing due to unsustainable farming and climate change according to new report by the UN
2020 – America officially begins withdrawing from the World Health Organization
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
