1945 – Potsdam Declaration is signed – Also known as the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender, the declaration signed by the US, UK and China, detailed the terms of surrender for Japan after World War II.
0920 – Rout of an alliance of Christian troops from Navarre and Léon against the Muslims at Pamplona
1267 – Inquisition forms in Rome under Pope Clement IV
1309 – Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by Pope Clement V
1519 – Francisco Pizarro receives royal charter for the west coast of South America
1524 – James V declared fit to govern by the Scottish Parliament at age 12
1533 – Francisco Pizarro orders the death of the last Sapa Inca Emperor, Atahualpa
1609 – English mathematician Thomas Harriot is the first person to draw a map of the Moon by looking through a telescope
1755 – Giacomo Casanova is arrested in Venice for affront to religion and common decency and imprisoned in the Doge’s Palace
1759 – 11,000 British troops drive a token French garrison of 400 out of Fort Ticonderoga, New York
1775 – A postal system was established by the 2nd Continental Congress of the United States. The first Postmaster General was Benjamin Franklin.
1788 – New York became the 11th state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.
1790 – US Congress passes the Funding Act of 1790 making the federal government responsible for debts incurred by the states
1826 – Riots in Vilnius, Lithuania cause the death of many Jews
1847 – The country of Liberia is founded – This west African state was founded primarily by freed slaves from the United States. The Liberian constitution was based on the US’s constitution and the capital, Monrovia, is named after James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States.
1863 – Battle of Salineville Ohio: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 364 troops surrender to Union forces after a 17-day unauthorized raid through Indiana and Ohio
1878 – In California, poet and American West outlaw calling himself “Black Bart” makes his last clean getaway when he steals a safe box from a Wells Fargo stagecoach. The empty box found later with a taunting poem inside.
1893 – Commercial production of the Addressograph started in Chicago, IL.
1908 – U.S. Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte issued an order that created an investigative agency that was a forerunner of the FBI.
1914 – Irish Volunteers unload a shipment of 1,500 rifles and 45,000 rounds of ammunition arrive from Germany aboard Erskine Childers’ yacht the Asgard; British troops fire on jeering crowd on Bachelors Walk, Dublin, killing three citizens
1916 – The US Protests the ‘Blacklist’ issued by the British forbidding trade with some 30 US firms
1936 – The Axis Powers decide to intervene in the Spanish Civil War.
1942 – RC churches protest, Dutch bishops stand against spread of Judaism
1945 – Potsdam Declaration is signed – Also known as the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender, the declaration signed by the US, UK and China, detailed the terms of surrender for Japan after World War II.
1945 – Winston Churchill resigned as Britain’s prime minister.
1947 – U.S. President Truman signed The National Security Act. The act created the National Security Council, the Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
1948 – U.S. President Truman signed executive orders that prohibited discrimination in the U.S. armed forces and federal employment.
1952 – King Farouk I of Egypt abdicated in the wake of a coup led by Gamal Abdel Nasser.
1953 – Fidel Castro began his revolt against Fulgencio Batista with an unsuccessful attack on an army barracks in eastern Cuba. Castro eventually ousted Batista six years later.
1953 – Arizona Governor John Howard Pyle orders an anti-polygamy law enforcement crackdown on residents of Short Creek, Arizona, which becomes known as the Short Creek Raid
1956 – Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.
1957 – Carlos Castillo Armas, Dictator and President of Guatemala, is assassinated by a palace guard with leftist sympathies
1964 – Teamsters President and US union leader Jimmy Hoffa convicted of fraud and conspiracy
1965 – Independence of Maldives – The Indian Ocean Island nation gained independence after 78 years of British rule.
1971 – Apollo 15 was launched from Cape Kennedy, FL.
1983 – US threatens action to preserve navigation in Persian Gulf
1990 – Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is signed into law – The law banned discrimination based on disability.
1993 – The first of four photos of Mars is taken by the Mars Observer, just under a month before the spacecraft failed in flight
1999 – Fighting ceases between India and Pakistan in the Kargil War, Kashmir, after two months of fighting
2012 – At least 200 people are killed in a day of violence in Syria
2014 – The Chinese government suspends a Shanghai meat dealer and makes arrests after the company sold out-of-date meat to fast food chains, including McDonald’s and Kentucky Fried Chicken
2017 – US President Donald Trump announces policy to ban transgender people from the military, overturning Obama era changes
2018 – Over 700 immigrant children still separated from their parents in the US as court-imposed deadline to reunite them passes
2021 – Ship carrying migrants wrecks off coast of Al-Khums, Libya, killing at least 57, takes death toll in central Mediterranean to 987 for 2021
REFERENCE: history.net, onthisday.com, thepeopleshistory.com, timeanddate.com, scopesys.com, on-this-day.com
